Crying baby / Choro do bebê

Reasons to baby cries (0 to 6 months) and what to do:

1st HUNGER

Hunger is the most common reason for a newborn crying. The most younger the baby is, the more probable that he was crying from hunger. The newborn has a small stomach, which can not take a very large amount of milk.

It's good to learn to identify the early signs of hunger before the cry: put the hand at the mouth, be "looking", get restless. Then you already offers milk and prevents the baby be nervous.

If your baby cries, try offering milk. He may not stop crying at the time, but let him suckle. As his stomach is filling up, he should calm down. If the baby is already full belly and continue crying, saying maybe the next thing on the list.

2nd DIRTY NAPPY

There are babies who do not care if the diaper is with poop (it's a nice warm), and there are others who want to be redeemed at the time, particularly if they are with irritated skin. Check your child's diaper and replace it if necessary. Maybe this solves the crying, so it's always worth a try.

3rd SLEEPY

It would be great if babies simply close their eyes and sleep whenever they were tired, but they often fail to do this.

The more tired, more irritable and fussy baby is, and that's harder to sleep. Try to put him to sleep at the first signs of sleep: dark circles, irritability, fallen look, rubbing of eyes...

4th BURP

When the baby cries after breastfeed, especially if he is lying down, you may have a nice burp "stuck."

Just put the baby upright and pat on the back. If after ten minutes it fails it may be the next item.

5th DIARRHEA

As the baby's digestive system is still immature, he can cry with colic due to gases or because it is hard to make poo.

In some cases, the baby cries suffers because of reflux, if the milk is turning more than normal and cause pain and discomfort.

Normally parents can distinguish the cause of pain when it comes to belly ache. The baby turns red, or cries just after feeding.

Consult your pediatrician to see what they can do to relieve pain, such as using drops antigases.

You can have a massage, put warm water bag on tummy's baby, do bicycle movements with little leg or give him something to suck (a pacifier or breast), because the sucking motion relaxes and relieves pain. Just be careful not to use this device all the time, so the baby does not start using his chest just like a pacifier.

6th LAP

There are babies who need more lap to feel safe. Children a bit older now settle down only to see you in the room or hear his voice, but the little ones need physical contact. If your child is fed, diaper changed, and continues crying, you might just be wondering the same lap.

If your child is in the class of lap, you can use other strategies such as the kangaroo or sling (a kind of network), holding the baby close to you but release your hands to do other things.

Newborns also strange getting "loose" in a very large space. You may have more success if you leave it wrapped in a light blanket or put it in a more homely than the crib, bassinet or as a stand.

7th COLD or HEAT

Some newborns hate getting naked for exchange or for bathing. They are not used to feeling air contact with skin and prefer to stay with clothes. If your baby is one of these, you will soon learn to change diapers in record speed, to stop the complaints.

On the other hand, be careful not to overdo the clothes, but the child will stay with heat. A good way to check the baby's temperature is to feel his belly. If it is hot and perspiring, take some clothes. If it's cold, wrapped up the most. Do not go by the hands and feet, because they tend to get colder than the rest of the body.

8th BOTHER

Babies little ones can get annoyed easily, with a rubber band too tight clothing, a fold in the diaper or a hair that curled on his toe or hand.

Take a good inspected to see if the baby has nothing bothering. Change his position, take the half, look inside the diaper, see if there is a tag or something on rough outfit.

9th TOOTH BORN

The teething is a long process that bothers quite a few babies. If your child is crying more than usual, try feeling his gums with your fingers. You might be surprised.

The first teeth usually appear between 4 and 7 months, but may arrive well before or well after.

10th A LOT OF STIMULATION

Parents of older babies know the situation: the baby has a fit of laughter and amendment to a fit of crying! The stimuli in the world are sometimes too much for babies.

A full day of tours and activities can leave the baby very excited, and he finds it difficult to "switch off". Excessive stimulation (lights, sound, moving from lap to lap) can leave the baby restless.

The baby is hard at the end of the day, or when the house is full. Maybe the baby is just saying, "Enough." Try to take him to a quiet place, reducing the level of stimulus. He might even cry a little, but then finally tranquilize and sleep.

11th POUR STIMULATION 

There are babies who doesn't like silence. Become calmer in the midst of many people, watching the movement. Also do not like the dark. Try connecting music in the nursery, or take him for a ride in the cart, and park in a place where he can see people.

For these babies, or kangaroo sling is a good solution, because the child is exposed to their movement and sounds that surround you.

12th PAIN

If nothing worked, it is inevitable to start thinking that maybe the baby is with some pain. When the baby is in pain, he cries in a tone different from normal crying - crying can be a more desperate, more or screamed. Moreover, for a baby who cries a lot by nature, silence is that it can be a sign that something is wrong.

The most important thing to remember is that you know your child better than anyone else. If you feel that something is wrong, check the temperature to see if he has a fever and note it well. If it does not, talk to your doctor.

Health professionals can reassure you about crying, so you can be sure that the cause is not physical.

# tradução em Português

Motivo do choro do bebê (o a 6 meses) e o que fazer:

1º FOME
A fome é o motivo mais comum para um recém-nascido chorar. Quanto mais novo for o bebê, maior é a probabilidade de ele estar chorando de fome. O recém-nascido tem o estômago pequeno, que não aguenta uma quantidade muito grande de leite.

É bom aprender a identificar os primeiros sinais da fome antes do choro: colocar a mão na boca, ficar "procurando", ficar inquieto. Aí você já oferece o leite e evita que o bebê fique nervoso.

Se o bebê chorar, tente oferecer leite. Pode ser que ele não pare de chorar na hora, mas deixe-o mamar. Conforme o estômago dele for se enchendo, ele deve se acalmar. Caso o bebê já esteja de barriga cheia e continue chorando, talvez esteja querendo dizer a próxima coisa da lista.

2º FRALDA SUJA 
Há bebês que não estão nem aí se a fralda está com cocô (é um quentinho gostoso), e há outros que querem ser trocados na hora, principalmente se estiverem com a pele irritada. Verifique a fralda do seu filho e troque-a, se necessário. Talvez isso resolva o choro, portanto sempre vale a pena tentar.

3º SONO
Seria ótimo se os bebês simplesmente fechassem os olhos e dormissem sempre que estivessem cansados, mas muitas vezes eles não conseguem fazer isso.

Quanto mais cansado fica, mais irritável e agitado o bebê fica, e aí é mais difícil dormir. Procure colocá-lo para dormir aos primeiros sinais de sono: olheiras, irritabilidade, olhar caído, esfregação de olhos ou olheira.

4º ARROTO
Quando o bebê chora depois de mamar, principalmente se estiver deitado, pode ser que tenha um belo arroto "entalado".

Basta colocar o bebê na vertical e dar uns tapinhas nas costas. Se depois de uns dez minutos não der certo, pode ser o item seguinte.

5º DIARRÉIA
Como o sistema digestivo do bebê ainda é imaturo, ele pode chorar de cólica, devido a gases ou porque está com dificuldade de fazer cocô.

Em alguns casos, o bebê chora porque sofre de refluxo, ou seja, o leite fica voltando mais do que o normal e provoca dor e desconforto.

Normalmente os pais conseguem distinguir a causa da dor quando se trata de dor de barriga. O bebê fica vermelho, ou chora logo depois de mamar.

Consulte o pediatra para ver o que pode fazer para aliviar a dor, como o uso de gotas antigases. Leia mais no artigo sobre a cólica no bebê.

Você pode fazer uma massagem, colocar bolsa de água morna na barriguinha do bebê, fazer movimentos de bicicleta com a perninha ou dar alguma coisa para ele sugar (a chupeta ou o seio), pois o movimento de sucção relaxa e alivia a dor. Só atenção para não usar esse expediente o tempo todo, para o bebê não começar a usar seu peito só como chupeta.

6º COLO
Há bebês que precisam de mais colo para se sentir seguros. Crianças um pouco mais velhas já se acalmam só de ver você no quarto ou ouvir sua voz, mas os pequenininhos precisam do contato físico. Se seu filho está alimentado, de fralda trocada, e continua chorando, pode ser que só esteja querendo colo mesmo.

Se seu filho for da turma do colinho, você pode usar outras estratégias, como o canguru ou o sling (uma espécie de rede), que mantêm o bebê perto de você mas liberam suas mãos para fazer outras coisas.

Recém-nascidos também estranham ficar "soltos" num espaço muito grande. Você pode ter mais sucesso se deixá-lo enrolado numa manta leve ou colocá-lo num local mais aconchegante que o berço, como um moisés ou o carrinho.

7º FRIO ou CALOR
Certos recém-nascidos detestam ficar pelados para a troca ou para o banho. Não estão acostumados a sentir o contato do ar com a pele e preferem ficar de roupa. Se seu bebê for um desses, você logo vai aprender a trocar a fralda em velocidade recorde, para acabar com as reclamações.

Por outro lado, tome cuidado para não exagerar nas roupas, senão a criança vai ficar com calor. Um bom jeito de verificar a temperatura do bebê é sentir a barriga dele. Se ela estiver quente e suando, tire um pouco de roupa. Se ela estiver fria, agasalhe-o mais. Não vá pelas mãos e pelos pés, porque eles tendem a ficar mais frios que o resto do corpo.

8º INCÔMODO
Bebês pequenininhos podem ficar incomodados fácil, com um elástico muito apertado da roupa, uma dobra na fralda ou um fio de cabelo seu que se enrolou no dedo do pé ou da mão.

Dê uma boa inspecionada no bebê para ver se não tem nada incomodando. Troque a posição dele, tire a meia, olhe dentro da fralda, veja se não há uma etiqueta ou algo áspero na roupinha.

9º DENTE NASCENDO
O nascimento dos dentes é um longo processo que incomoda bastante alguns bebês. Se seu filho está chorando mais do que o normal, experimente sentir a gengiva dele com seus dedos. Você pode se surpreender.

Os primeiros dentinhos costumam surgir entre os 4 e os 7 meses, mas podem chegar bem antes ou bem depois.

10º MUITO ESTÍMULO
Pais de bebês maiorzinhos conhecem a situação: o bebê tem um ataque de riso e emenda com um ataque de choro! Os estímulos do mundo às vezes são demais para os bebês.

Um dia cheio de visitas e atividades pode deixar o recém-nascido muito excitado, e ele tem dificuldade para "desligar". O excesso de estímulo (luzes, barulho, passar de colo em colo) pode deixar o recém-nascido inquieto.

O bebê fica difícil no fim do dia, ou quando a casa está cheia. Talvez o bebê esteja só dizendo: "Chega". Experimente levá-lo para um lugar calmo, reduzindo o nível de estímulo. Pode ser que ele ainda chore mais um pouco, mas que depois finalmente se tranquilize e durma.

11º POUCO ESTÍMULO
Há bebês que não gostam de silêncio. Ficam mais calmos em meio a muita gente, observando a movimentação. Também não gostam de escuro. Experimente ligar música no quarto do bebê, ou levá-lo para um passeio no carrinho, e estacionar num lugar onde ele possa ver as pessoas.

Para esses bebês, o sling ou canguru é uma boa saída, pois a criança fica exposta ao seu movimento e aos barulhos que cercam você.

12º DOR
Se nada deu certo, é inevitável começar a pensar que talvez o bebê esteja com alguma dor. Quando o bebê está com dor, ele chora num tom diferente do choro normal - pode ser um choro mais desesperado, ou mais gritado. Por outro lado, para um bebê que chora bastante por natureza, o silêncio é que pode ser o sinal de que há algo errado.

O mais importante é lembrar que você conhece o seu filho melhor que qualquer outra pessoa. Se você sentir que há alguma coisa errada, verifique a temperatura para ver se ele não está com febre e observe-o bem. Se não passar, converse com o médico.

Profissionais de saúde podem tranquilizar você sobre o choro, para que você tenha certeza de que a causa não é física.

What to do when your child misbehave.

To Families: 

All children misbehave at some time.

Parents of young (and older) children are often faced with how to deal with a child’s misbehavior. Children are not born knowing how to behave. They make many mistakes along the way.

Children need limits. 

Limits teach children how to behave well, and give children a sense of security

Discipline means to teach. When we discipline our children, we are teaching them how we want them to behave.

We need to focus on how we want them to behave - rather than just focusing on what we don’t want them to do.

From this viewpoint, children’s misbehaviors become opportunities to teach them how to behave well.

The ultimate goal of discipline is to teach our children self-discipline so that they can make good choices throughout their lives.

Punishment focuses on negative consequences.

When we punish children, we are focusing on what we do not want them to do.

The goal of punishment is to make the consequences that follow the behavior so aversive that the child will not want to do it any longer.

Problems can arise when punishment is used to hurt a child - either physically or emotionally. Punishment used in this way is abuse.

Punishment doesn’t work if you use it all the time. The more you punish, the less effective it becomes. (When you ground a child for a year, it basically becomes meaningless.) The less you punish, the more powerful punishment is – when you need to use it.

Punishment should never be abusive and should never be used alone.

IF punishment is used, it needs to be followed by discipline - where the child is taught how to behave and what is expected of her.

Setting Limits

When you set limits with your child you are telling him what the rules are and what behaviors you expect from him.

Setting limits is a way of expressing love for your child.

Children who know what their limits are - and who know that their parents will enforce limits - feel more secure and have fewer behavior problems.

Here are the basics of limit setting:

Decide what the important rules are for your family. There should only be five or fewer main rules. For example:We treat each other with respect, Everyone picks up after themselves, etc.

Be clear what behaviors go with each rule.

For the rule “we treat each other with respect,” you may expect that people listen to each other, that no one hits anyone else, that people share with one another, etc.

Praise your child when you see him following a rule. 

“I like the way you shared your candy with your brother. 

That’s the way we do it in this family.”

Remind your child about the rule when he is not following it. 

“Remember that we listen to each other in this family. Now I would like you to try and hear what your sister is trying to tell you.”

Remove your child when it is clear he cannot follow a rule. 

“I see you are too angry to listen right now. Go to your room and cool off. Come back when you are ready to hear what I have to say.”

Help you child make amends when he has broken a rule. 

“I think you owe your brother an apology. You know we do not hit in this family. How would you like to apologize to him?”

Use punishments sparingly. 

If your child does not respond to the above methods, you may choose to use a punishment - such as taking away a privilege or restricting his freedom.

Remember: to be effective, discipline needs to follow any punishment.

Remind your child of the rule and expected behaviors.

Praise him whenever you see him doing these.

Teach Your Child to Make Good Choices

An important aspect of discipline is teaching your child to think for herself.

A child who can think for herself is on her way to being a competent, responsible adult.

1. Begin early allowing your child to make appropriate choices.

Young children can choose between 2 different shirts

Older children can choose if they want to have their snack first or do their homework first.

2. Help your child think through choices.

If your older child is deciding between snack and homework, you could help her think out loud which order seems right to her.

Help her explain her choice and thinking to you.

3. Include children in family decisions, when appropriate.

If the family is planning an outing, ask the children for ideas.

4. When your child is not following a family rule, talk with him about the choice he is making.

What are the consequences of his choice?

How will it affect him and other family members?

5. Praise your child when she solves her own problems.

Focus on her solution and how it worked for her.

“What a good idea! Now both you and your sister can have a chance to use the bike.”

Remember that love builds the foundation for effective discipline.

If you want your children to obey family rules, regularly let them know how much you love and appreciate them.

Lying, Stealing, and other Problem Behaviors

All children - at some point - behave badly. 

If your child has stolen, lied, hit, or disobeyed in some way, he is no different from most children. Although these behaviors can be distressing, they do not mean that you have a bad, naughty, or hopeless child.

What these behaviors do mean is that we have an opportunity to teach our child how we want him to behave and why these types of behaviors are not OK.

It is important to think of your child as different from his behaviors.

Your child can be a good kid and still do bad things.

Stay calm when dealing with a child who has misbehaved. When a parent is able to stay calm, the child is better able to hear what is said. If you do yell, be sure to repeat your message later when you are calm.

Deal with the behavior and do not get distracted by “why your child did it.” Children, like adults, do things for many reasons. Your child may never be able to tell you “why” he lied, stole, or disobeyed.

Focusing on this will likely only frustrate you further because it will feel as if the child is being even more defiant. Instead, focus on the behavior and what it is you want to teach your child.

If your child took something that was not his, you may want to consider having him return it to the person or store. This will teach your child how to make amends and will send a strong message about not taking things from others.

Remember it often takes many failures to learn a lesson. You will likely have to teach your children many times what you want them to do. What is important is that you teach the lesson each time, and hold them responsible for making amends.

Remember to praise your child when he behaves appropriately. If your child has been lying and tells you the truth, make sure to point this out.

“I know it was hard for you to tell me that you broke the chair. I am really proud of you for being honest. Now what do you think we should do?”

If you are feeling overwhelmed by your child’s behavior, seek help. Some good places start looking for help are with your family doctor, school counselor, church leader, or a reputable family service program.

from the website: http://www.udel.edu/

Patricia Tanner Nelson, Ed.D.

Extension Family & Human Development Specialist

This issue was initially prepared by Dr. Elizabeth Park, a graduate of the Department of Individual and Family Studies, University of Delaware.

About your nanny:

Let her know the rules of your family, your method of education, and what's allowed to kids to do and what's not.
The more she learns about the rules of your family, the better she can help you to educate your children.